when a bird broke free novel
2024.11.28 10:40 Material_Ad_3794 when a bird broke free novel
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2024.11.28 10:40 Tozapeloda77 [BATTLE] The Mamluk-Portuguese War, 1509
The Portuguese 10th India Armada When the Portuguese 10th India Armada under the command of Diego Lopes de Sequeira departed Lisbon in March of 1509, they were under the impression that they were going to go on the offensive against the Mamluks and other Muslim realms that dared challenge Portugal’s ambitions. They had 40 crown-built ships: 20 caravels and 20 carracks all outfitted with heavy artillery, and around 2,500 additional soldiers along with them. However, they had no idea that it was them who would be challenged instead.
Their journey went fortuitously until a heavy storm struck the fleet off the Cape of Good Hope, in which four ships – three caravels and one carrack – were lost. Furthermore, a quarter of the fleet lost its way, and several ships sustained heavy damage, limping into Sofala. Deciding that the India run was still paramount, Lopes de Sequeira continued with a fleet of six caravels and ten carracks towards Kochin, where he would arrive in August. Meanwhile, the rest of the fleet licked its wounds and would travel to Aden once repairs had been completed and the wayward ships had found their way again under the command of Tristão da Cunha.
The Mamluk-Venetian Fleets The Venetians had helped the Mamluks construct and carry a number of ships onto the Red Sea. A portion of this new fleet was left behind in Jeddah as the Red Sea Fleet under the command of Alaa el-Din Ali bin el-Emam, Amir al-Hajj. Another squadron was granted to Oruç Reis, the famous corsair who had only last year fought the Spanish over Tunis – although he had left his brothers behind in North Africa. The main fleet was commanded by Admiral Hussain al-Kurdi with the elderly Venetian Admiral Melchiore Trevisan as his advisor and liaison. The fleet was crewed by Venetian captains and crew, including the gunners, but Mamluk mariners and Egyptian rowers. It consisted of some 18 carracks, 15 war galleys, and 25 galliots.
It was this fleet that went first to the Sultanate of Gujarat, to the city of Diu, arriving in early May. Malik Ayyaz, the commander of the city, was none too pleased to be forced into provoking the Portuguese, but his sultan had instructed him to work with the Mamluks, and Hussain al-Kurdi was in possession of a fleet one did not simply say no to. Meanwhile, Oruç Reis took his own squadron further south, to Chaul, and began raiding local shipping – mainly Indians, but also the odd Arab ship with Cartazes purchased from the Portuguese.
The Mamluk-Venetian Offensive Alarmed by the raids, Alfonso de Albuquerque and Franscisco de Almeida, in command of the Portuguese fleet already in and around Kochin, dispatched a small patrol of 3 ships to see what was going on, suspecting little more than a local pirate who had asked for retribution. However, Oruç laid an ambush in the harbour of Chaul, working with the local Muslim governor, and caught the caravels by surprise on the 21st of May, 1509. They were unable to make use of their sails to get away from Oruç’ galleys fast enough as the angle of the winds was not in their favour, and though their cannons were powerful, they were not able to destroy more than a galliot before they were boarded. With part of the marines being Oruç’ own veteran crew, they made short work of the Portuguese and found themselves in command of three more ships.
Following the engagement at Chaul, Almeida and Albuquerque took their entire remaining fleet of 3 caravels and 12 carracks north from Kochin, but found Chaul abandoned, as Oruç had sought shelter in Diu. While de Albuquerque – in tactical command – expected to find a tough foe, he did not expect to run into Hussain al-Kurdi’s fleet, because he did not know it existed. When he saw the tall masts in Diu’s harbour, he assumed they were captured caravels, but the Portuguese were surprised when they instead found themselves facing a fleet of not only as many carracks as they had brought ships themselves, but also around 20 galleys, 30 galliots, and over a hundred small Gujarati ships. To make things worse, 8 of Portugal’s 12 carracks were not outfitted with heavy artillery, as they had been conscripted from merchants back in Europe to fill gaps in the Armada’s roster.
Under these conditions, Hussain al-Kurdi and Melchiore Trevisan led their combined fleet to victory against the Portuguese on June 18th, 1509. While the engagement was chaotic, it was also decisive, and though the combined fleet sustained losses, of the Portuguese only 4 ships managed to escape. Luckily for Portuguese command, among them was the ship captained by Albuquerque himself, which also carried Almeida.
The Battle of Kozhikode These ships were able to meet with the 10th Armada, which was en route, just as al-Kurdi and Trevisan travelled to Kochin, burning every Portuguese holding to the ground on the way there. However, Diego Lopes de Sequeira was heading straight their way, and so the two fleets found themselves arrayed for battle near Kozhikode. Contributing countless small ships, the Samoothiri of Kozhikode showed his support for the Mamluks.
However, while Trevisan and al-Kurdi prepared for a traditional battle, positioning galleys on each flank set to a centre of heavy carracks – Oruç had joined in to command the right – the much smaller Portuguese fleet – which had half the carracks, a half dozen caravels, and no galleys – arrayed themselves into a line formation and made a pass alongside the right flank of the Mamluk-Venetian fleet. As the combined fleet approached the Portuguese line, they came under heavy artillery and found it difficult to appraoch, as concentrated fire sank or disabled ship after ship. While eventually, through sheer tenacity, the Venetian carracks found themselves in the middle of the Portuguese, the fortunes had already been reversed. As the battle lasted for the rest of the day, it was clear that the Mamluk and Venetian forces were losing. While Portuguese tactical superiority was decisive, throughout the ship-to-ship fighting the weak points of Mamluk-Venetian cooperation also showed; Mamluk officers only listened to Venetian captains when things were going well, but when they were losing and fighting for their lives, orders were lost in translation and chaos ensued.
Finally, fire broke out on al-Kurdi’s flagship Al-Sadiq/Il Veritiero. Peppered by more and more Portuguese cannonfire, the fire spread to the powder stores, and with a storm of noise and wood splinters, Oruç Reis came to the realisation that he was now the most senior commander on the Mamluk-Venetian side. Seizing the moment to retreat, he took command of what ships he could and abandoned those that could not get away. The admirals Hussain al-Kurdi and Melchiore Trevisan were dead.
The Siege of Aden At the same time, Tristão da Cunha took his fleet of some twenty ships north, first to Somalia, where they raided Zeila and Berbera. This caught the attention of the Mamluk Red Sea Fleet and its commander Alaa el-Din Ali bin el-Emam, Amir al-Hajj. While his fleet was of the same number of ships, it was mostly galliots, and though Alaa el-Din did attempt to attack the Portuguese once, he was quickly sent retreating under the cannonfire, and he found his way back to Jeddah.
Eager, though lacking proper maps, Tristão da Cunha opportunistically besieged Aden, though realised he had to be careful of Alaa el-Din’s possible return. Landing his forces at the city, his artillery made short work of the wall, but even so his men were unable to assault through the gaps and into the city, as they were driven back by a Mamluk garrison. After being repulsed, da Cunha took his fleet back to Zanzibar for repairs and supplies.
The Aftermath Oruç Reis appointed himself admiral and assigned his own men to shadow surviving Venetian officers. Slowly, he would replace them with his own men as captains, as he retreated to Diu, again imposing on Malik Ayyaz. He concluded an agreement with the Sultan of Gujarat, promising on behalf of Sultan Bayezid II the support of the Sublime Porte, even though he had no official documents or proof that such support would or could ever materialise.
Meanwhile, Lopes de Segueira reached Kochin and found it in ruins. Fernando Coutinho’s first task was to begin repairs, as Franscisco de Almeida offered to search around for spices to bring back on the 10th Armada. While the spectre of Oruç Reis haunted Coutinho, he was certain that Tristão would soon be able to reinforce the Portuguese position in India, and thus sent Diego Lopes de Segueira back to Lisbon in early December with 8 carracks and 2 caravels, after going through great lengths to find enough cargo to make the trip worth it – even though one of the carracks sank on the way back during a spring storm.
With the Mamluks and Venetians once again confined to the Red Sea, it seemed like little had changed except for the great fortunes both they and Portugal had now lost. Only one man had gone from rags to riches, and this was Oruç Reis, who had already made a name for himself as a ghazi in the Mediterranean, and saw his fame rise rapidly in the Indian Ocean world as well.
Losses Portugal
Mamluks
Venice
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2024.11.28 10:40 GameProfessional 🏆 Game Professional | Nintendo DSI body, lime green, almost unused From Japan | Seller: keita.japan (100.0% positive feedback)Location: JPCondition: Open boxPrice: 185.00 USDShipping cost: FreeBuy It Now | |
 | submitted by GameProfessional to GameProfessional [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 Baby_Thanos_3 Rashmika Mandanna (5464×8192)
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2024.11.28 10:40 NestaRB Question about battery optimization in fedora
Hi, recently moved from windows 11 to fedora and I've been reading about ways to optimize my battery but I'm kinda confused. I read about TLP auto-cpufreq, powertop, cpupower... I want some help,which should I use, which can work together? I've also been looking for a way to configure the laptop fans since mi BIOS doesn't have any option somehow.
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2024.11.28 10:40 masteronyo Weak flex but okay
 | I promise you i am not. Just got lucky i guess… submitted by masteronyo to mecharena [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 arialim Analog to USB for VCDS?
 | Found this cable which I can only assume is a VCDS/VAG-COM cable, and wanted to check it out to see if it’s working or if the VINs are all used up but I most definitely do not have a laptop with that connection anymore, was wondering if I could use an adapter to convert it to USB A or USB C? submitted by arialim to MechanicAdvice [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 SkylightLunar_132 Genderswapped poppy and boxten (they are going a little insane)
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2024.11.28 10:40 sweetygirl1111 A prank is played
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2024.11.28 10:40 front-page-watch [#1|+27070|1988] The wait line to get to the top of Mt. Everest [r/Damnthatsinteresting]
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2024.11.28 10:40 udayTeddy Be the person you’ve imagined..
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2024.11.28 10:40 Fragrant-Network-998 Reading request
Hi I would like to know what the outcome be if I do a 7 day spell someone recommended me with the help of goddess Freya. It is said that it starts working on the 7th day. would it quickly and positively affect my relationship with R?
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2024.11.28 10:40 TribalPuffer Anfrage an die Mods zwecks Krankenversicherung
Hey Mods, könnt ihr einen Sammelthread für Hundekrankenversicherungen machen?
Alle zwei Tage fragt irgendjemand dasselbe... "Was habt ihr für eine? Welche ist gut? Was für Erfahrungen habt ihr gemacht?" Zumindest mich nervt das mittlerweile irgendwie.
Wollte das nurmal in den Raum werfen
Schönen Donnerstag 🤙
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2024.11.28 10:40 laybs1 Greedy Corporation Epic Games to Shutdown Free Digital Artifact Collection Sketchfab
 | Over 100,000 free digitized artifact 3d models will be far harder to access. submitted by laybs1 to atunsheifilms [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 OhIforgotmynameagain 100Go POE2 is ... huge.
I have a phone-shared internet that works ok (remote area and no way i participate in funding Elon/Trump richies by putting a starlink even though it would work wonders for sure), and while it is not an issue, usually, it becomes one every few months when i need to download 20Go or so for a new patch. I only have 100Go per month and it goes fast when working from home...
I don't know how i'll be able to play poe2 even with my 12years purchase history eearned key... I may have to skip this launch entirely I am so sad :(
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2024.11.28 10:40 Tight_Arugula_2455 Loading screen
 | When I launch the game, I'm stuck on the loading screen...I need help please submitted by Tight_Arugula_2455 to HorizonWalker [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 Ok_Independent3264 Testo Taylan Fethullah Gülen Kabir Ziyareti
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2024.11.28 10:40 ANewError2024 Nicole Booker
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2024.11.28 10:40 Then_Courage_7989 who y'all going for?
 | submitted by Then_Courage_7989 to FUTMobile [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 nuggchuggs help a lost clerk out
currently lost this matching but considering these hospitals: veterans, east ave, madocs, MMC, and cardinal. please share your expi and stuff and help a lost clerk out :)) thank you :))
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2024.11.28 10:40 ihatetomatoes37 50 IN GENERAL MATH?
is this even possible?? i’m currently finishing yr 11 and going to do 34 general math next year (as well as methods) and i’m currently doing super super well. never anything below a 95% and it’s always due to silly errors. how do i minimise that? also what else do i need to do cover the holidays bc i really want a 50. at the start of yr 11 i was doing specialist maths and was actually doing pretty well but the workload was too much with my other subjects so i dropped it and picked up general. absolutely loving it but for it to be worth it i really need to do well (minimum 48, if anything 50). has anyone here gotten a 50?? if so, how??
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2024.11.28 10:40 spicenhoney LF: Miles Above
 | Kickoff is the only 3 star I have available for trade. submitted by spicenhoney to Monopoly_GO [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 CircleSelection Top 3 Best Essay Writing Services on Reddit for 2024: Honest Reviews & Rankings
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2024.11.28 10:40 LightheartOfficial THANKSGIVING PROMO CODE
 | It's Thanksgiving, and Mr Autofire is thankful for it's players! From us to you, here's 2x Gold Crate Keys, just use the promo code "Thanksgiving24" ! 🟦 To redeem: Go to Settings and tap the “Promo Code” button. submitted by LightheartOfficial to MrAutofire [link] [comments] |
2024.11.28 10:40 Doubt_Haunting He’s Madcat because he swishes his tail. Can’t wait to max him out. His moves are Confusion, Psystrike, and Thunderbolt.
 | submitted by Doubt_Haunting to pokemongobrag [link] [comments] |